Basic PCM signal.. 8000Hz * 1 byte = 64 kbps STM-1/OC3: 270 bytes *9 = 2430 bytes per 125usec *8000 = 19440 bytes/sec *8 = 155.52Mbps *** EU PDH RATES *** *** US PDH RATES *** E1: 2.048 Mbps T1: 1.544 Mbps E2: 8.448 Mbps 4xE1 -> E2 T2: 6.312 Mbps 4xT1 -> T2 E3: 34.368 Mbps 4xE2 -> E3 T3: 44.738 Mbps 7xT2 -> T3 E4: 139.264 Mbps 4xE3 -> E4 T4: 274.176 Mbps 6xT3 -> T4 *** OPTICAL CARRIER RATES *** Optical Carrier Data Rate Payload-SONET User Rate SONET SDH OC-1 51.84 Mbit/s 50.112 Mbit/s 49.536 STS-1 -- OC-3 155.52 Mbit/s 150.336 Mbit/s 148.608 STS-3 STM-1 OC-9 466.56 Mbit/s 451.044 Mbit/s 445.824 STS-9 STM-3 OC-12 622.08 Mbit/s 601.344 Mbit/s 594.824 STS-12 STM-4 OC-18 933.12 Mbit/s 902.088 Mbit/s 891.648 STS-18 STM-6 OC-24 1244.16 Mbit/s 1202.784 Mbit/s 1188.864 STS-24 STM-8 OC-36 1866.24 Mbit/s 1804.176 Mbit/s 1783.296 STS-36 STM-12 OC-48 2488.32 Mbit/s 2405.376 Mbit/s 2377.728 STS-48 STM-16 OC-192 9953.28 Mbit/s 9621.504 Mbit/s 9510.912 STS-192 STM-64 OC-768 39813.12 Mbit/s 38.486 Gbit/s - STS-768 STM-256 OC-3072 159252.48 Mbit/s 153.944 Gbit/s - STS-3072 STM-1024 *** SDH HIERARCHY *** 139264k 149760k 150336k xN 155520k xN (E4) -> C-4 ----------------------------------------> VC-4 -> AU-4 --> AUG-N --> STM-N / | 48384k 49536k /x3 | (E3/34368k) -> VC-3 -> TU-3 ------> TUG-3 --/ | 44736k / | x3 | (T3) -> C-3 --/---------------------------+---------> VC-3 -> AU-3 ----| | | 6312k 6874k |x7 |x7 (T2) -> C-2 --> VC-2 --> TU-2 -----> TUG-2 --/ | 2048k 2144k x3 | (E1) -> C-12 --> VC-12 --> TU-12 ---/ | 1544k 1600k x4 | (T1) -> C-11 --> VC-11 --> TU-11 --/ C = stuffing + justifcation + overhead + data VC = overhead + container (mapping) AU/TU = pointer + VC (alignment) AUG/TUG = n x AU/TU (multiplexing by byte interleaving) *** SDH FRAME STRUCTURE *** <----------- 270 bytes ----------> <-- 9 --><--- 261 bytes ---/ /---> 1|-------| | 2| RSOH | | 3|_______| | 4| AU PTR STM payload | 5|-------| | 6| | | 7| MSOH | | 8| | | 9|-------|------------------------| High Order Size Overhead Payload(VC) Container kbps/cols kbps/cols kbps/cols STM-1 155520 270 5184 9 150336 261 AUG 150912 *** 576 1 150336 261 AUG includes 9 AUPTR bytes from STM overhead AU-4 150336 261 576 1 149760 260 VC-4 150336 261 576 1 149760 260 C-4 149760 260 10496 18+ 139264 241- (one byte is split data and payload) AU-3 50112 87 576 1 49536 86 TU-3 49536 86 576 1 48960 85 VC-3 48960 85 576 1 48384 84 C-3 48384 84 Low Order Container kbps/bytes kbps/bytes kbps/bytes TU-2 6912 108 64 1 6848 1 VC-2 6848 107 64 1 6784 1 C-2 6784 106 TU-12 2304 36 64 1 2240 35 VC-12 2240 35 64 1 2176 34 C-12 2176 34 128 2 2048 32 TU-11 1728 27 64 1 1664 26 VC-11 1664 26 64 1 1600 25 C-11 1600 25 64 1 1536 24 (note 1 bit is removed from T1 sync) *** STM SECTION OVERHEAD *** 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 A1A1A1A2A2A2J0----^ Regenator 2 B1 E1E1 F1----| Section 3 D1 D2 D3 v Overhead 4 AU Pointers 5 B2B2B2K1 K2 ^ 6 D4 D5 D6 | Multiplex 7 D7 D8 D9 | Section 8 DA DB DC | Overhead 9 S1Z1Z1Z2Z2M1E2E2--v A1: framing byte 11110110 A2: framing byte 00101000 S1: Synchronisation status marker. 0000: quality unknown 0010: traceable to PRC G811 0100: traceable to Transit G812 1000: traceable to Local G812 1011: derived from SETS 1111: dont use for sync B1: parity 8-bits for entire previous frame B2: parity 24-bits for previous STM-1 frame excluding 1st three rows B3: parity 8-bits for entire previous frame E1: regenerator section orderwire E2: multiplex section orderwire D1-3: regenerator section data communication channel (DCC) 192kbps D4-12: multiplex section data communication channel (DCC) 576kbps F1: user channel 64kbps F2: VC-4 path user channel F3/Z3: VC-4 path user channel N2/Z6: network operator byte J0: regenerator section trace J1: ITU-T high order path access point identifier J2: path trace byte M1: multiplex section remote error indication (MSREI) C2: signal label - indicates composition of VC-4 G1: path status - sent from receiver back to originator H4: VC-4 multiframe pointer - indicates multiframe position for VC-12